Abbreviations and Reference Guide

Abbreviations and Reference Guide

The footnotes in this work follow the scholarly conventions of the early eighteenth century, citing sources by abbreviated titles and location markers that were familiar to educated readers of the time. The following guide is provided for the modern reader’s reference. Scripture references follow standard English Bible abbreviations and are not listed here.

Latin Terms

22ae.

Secunda Secundae — the “Second Part of the Second Part” of Aquinas’s Summa Theologiae; written as II-II in modern citations.

Advers.

Adversus — “Against.”

Apud

Latin for “found in” or “cited by.”

Art.

Articulus — Article; a subdivision within a formal theological question.

Can.

Canon — a rule or decree of a church council.

Cap.

Caput — Chapter.

Caus.

Causa — Cause or Case; a section division in Gratian’s Decretum.

Decret. / Decretal.

Decretales — Decretals; authoritative papal rulings compiled into canon law.

Dist.

Distinctio — Distinction; a division in Peter Lombard’s Sentences and the commentaries written on it.

Epist.

Epistola — Letter.

Evang.

Evangelium / Evangelia — Gospel or Gospels.

Homil.

Homilia — Homily.

Ibid.

Ibidem — “in the same place”; refers to the immediately preceding source.

Lib.

Liber — Book.

Loco sup. cit.

Loco supra citato — “in the place cited above.”

Qu. / qu.

Quaestio — Question; a formal theological question in scholastic method.

Sent.

Sententiae — the Sentences of Peter Lombard (see below).

Ver.

Versus — Verse; refers to a verse within the scripture passage most recently cited, rather than citing a new passage.

Authors and Works

Thom. 22ae. qu. [N]. Art. [N].

Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Summa Theologiae, Part II-II (Secunda Secundae), Question [N], Article [N]. The definitive work of medieval Catholic theology, organized into questions and articles.

Bonavent. in lib. 4. Sent. Dist. [N]. Art. [N]. qu. [N].

Bonaventure (1221–1274), Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, Book 4, Distinction [N], Article [N], Question [N].

Lib. 4. Senten. Dist. [N].

Peter Lombard (c. 1096–1160), Sentences (Sententiarum libri quatuor), Book 4, Distinction [N]. The standard theological textbook of medieval universities. Aquinas, Bonaventure, and nearly every major scholastic theologian wrote commentaries on it, organized around the same Distinctions.

Durand. Lib. 4. Dist. [N]. qu. [N]. / Lib. 4. Dist. [N]. qu. [N].

Durandus of Saint-Pourçain (c. 1275–1334), Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, Book 4, Distinction [N], Question [N].

Bernard. Compost. / Bernar. Compostel.

Bernard of Compostella (13th century), Commentary on the Decretals of Gregory IX. Cited with a title and chapter, e.g., De Simonia. cap. 1 (On Simony, chapter 1).

Decret. Greg. 9. / Decretal. Gregor. 9.

Decretals of Gregory IX (also called the Liber Extra, 1234) — the foundational collection of papal rulings in medieval canon law, compiled by Raymond of Peñafort at the order of Pope Gregory IX. It is divided into titled sections; those appearing in this work include: De Simonia (On Simony), De rerum permutatione (On the Exchange of Things), and De Jure Patronatus (On the Right of Patronage).

Apud Gratian. Caus. [N]. Qu. [N]. Can. [title]

Gratian (12th century), Decretum (Concordia Discordantium Canonum — Harmony of Conflicting Canons, c. 1140) — the foundational text of medieval canon law. Caus. = Causa (a numbered case), Qu. = Question, Can. = the opening word or phrase of the canon cited.

Super Mattheum Homilia [N].

John Chrysostom (c. 349–407), Homilies on Matthew (In Matthaeum), Homily [N].

In Romans 1

John Chrysostom, Homilies on Romans, Homily 1.

In Act 8

Nicolaus de Lyra (c. 1270–1349), Postilla litteralis super totam Bibliam — a verse-by-verse commentary on the entire Bible. “In Act 8” refers to his commentary on Acts, chapter 8.

Greg. 7. Lib. [N]. Epist. [N].

Pope Gregory VII (c. 1015–1085), Registrum (his collected letters), Book [N], Letter [N].

Homil. [N]. in Evang.

Gregory the Great (c. 540–604), Homilies on the Gospels (Homiliae in Evangelia), Homily [N].

Pastor. Part. [N]. Cap. [N].

Gregory the Great, Pastoral Rule (Regula Pastoralis), Part [N], Chapter [N]. A foundational guide to the duties and character of a bishop or pastor.

Lib. De past. cap. [N].

Augustine of Hippo (354–430), On the Pastors (De Pastoribus), Chapter [N].

Advers. Jovin. Lib. [N].

Jerome (c. 345–420), Against Jovinian (Adversus Jovinianum), Book [N].

Lib. De Dignit. Sacerdot. Cap. [N].

Attributed to Ambrose of Milan (c. 340–397), On the Dignity of the Priesthood (De Dignitate Sacerdotali), Chapter [N].

Concil. Tolet. 4. Can. [N].

Fourth Council of Toledo (633 AD), Canon [N]. A Spanish church council notable for its canons on clerical discipline and the proper qualifications for ordination.

Append. Concil. Lateran. 3.

Appendix to the Third Lateran Council (1179 AD), an ecumenical council held in Rome under Pope Alexander III.

Can. [N]. Lib. 1. cap. [N]. (Second Aurelian Council)

Second Council of Orléans (533 AD). Orléans was known in Latin as Aurelia, hence “Aurelian Council.”

Epist. ad Johan. 22. in Concil. Tom. [N]. Part. [N].

Letter of Athalaric, Gothic king of Italy (d. 534), to Pope John II (533), confirming the Senate’s decree against simony (preserved in Cassiodorus, Variae 9.15), cited from a published collection of council documents (Conciliorum collectio), Volume [N], Part [N].

Epist. [N]. Ad [Name].

Cyprian of Carthage (c. 200–258), Letters (Epistolae), Letter [N], addressed to [Name]. Cyprian was an influential early bishop and martyr whose letters deal extensively with church discipline and authority.

De Eccles. Hier. Cap. [N].

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (c. late 5th–early 6th century), The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy (De Ecclesiastica Hierarchia), Chapter [N]. The work is attributed in the text to “Dionysius Areopagita,” though the author acknowledges uncertainty (“or whosoever else is the author”). It is now recognized as the work of an anonymous Syrian writer writing in the Neoplatonist tradition.